#War in french translation series

On the pretext of a slight to their consul, the French invaded Algeria in 1830. 9.7 French recognition of historical use of tortureДЄrrival of Marshal Randon in Algiers in 1857.9.6 Socioeconomic situation of French Algerians.

7.1 French atrocities and use of torture.3 Strategy of internationalisation of the Algerian War led by the FLN.2.6 French counter-insurgency operations.:вЂЉ537 About 90,000 managed to flee to France, some with help from their French officers acting against orders, and today they and their descendants form a significant part of the Algerian-French population. However, the Harkis in particular, having served as auxiliaries with the French army, were regarded as traitors and many were murdered by the FLN or by lynch mobs, often after being abducted and tortured. The majority of Algerian Muslims who had worked for the French were disarmed and left behind, as the agreement between French and Algerian authorities declared that no actions could be taken against them. The French government was unprepared to receive such a vast number of refugees, which caused turmoil in France. Upon independence in 1962, 900,000 European-Algerians ( Pieds-noirs) fled to France within a few months in fear of the FLN's revenge. Most of the former were carried out by the Organisation armГ©e secrГЁte (OAS), an underground organization formed mainly from French military personnel supporting a French Algeria, which committed a large number of bombings and murders both in Algeria and in the homeland to stop the planned independence. This included various assassination attempts on de Gaulle as well as some attempts at military coups.

The planned French withdrawal led to a state crisis. The final result was 91% in favor of the ratification of this agreement and on 1 July, the Accords were subject to a second referendum in Algeria, where 99.72% voted for independence and just 0.28% against. A referendum took place on 8 April 1962 and the French electorate approved the Г‰vian Accords. These concluded with the signing of the Г‰vian Accords in March 1962.

#War in french translation series

After major demonstrations in Algiers and several other cities in favor of independence (1960) and a United Nations resolution recognizing the right to independence, Charles de Gaulle, the first president of the Fifth Republic, decided to open a series of negotiations with the FLN. As the war dragged on, the French public slowly turned against it and many of France's key allies, including the United States, switched from supporting France to abstaining in the UN debate on Algeria. The brutality of the methods employed by the French forces failed to win hearts and minds in Algeria, alienated support in metropolitan France, and discredited French prestige abroad. The war took place mainly on the territory of Algeria, with repercussions in metropolitan France.Д®ffectively started by members of the National Liberation Front (FLN) on 1 November 1954, during the Toussaint Rouge ('Red All Saints' Day'), the conflict led to serious political crises in France, causing the fall of the Fourth Republic (1946вЂ“58), to be replaced by the Fifth Republic with a strengthened presidency. The conflict also became a civil war between the different communities and within the communities.

An important decolonization war, it was a complex conflict characterized by guerrilla warfare and the use of torture. The Algerian War, also known as the Algerian Revolution or the Algerian War of Independence, and sometimes in Algeria as the War of 1 November, was fought between France and the Algerian National Liberation Front ( French: Front de LibГ©ration Nationale вЂ“ FLN) from 1954 to 1962, which led to Algeria winning its independence from France.